The present study was aimed to investigate if there is a neural plasticity in the vestibular compensation for the control of posture. Whether there is a difference in the neural plasticity between the dynamic and tonic components was also examined. Spontaneous eye and head movements and thevestibuloocular reflex(VOR) elicited by rotation of the whole body were observed during 7 days after unilateral labyrinthectomy in conscious rabbits. Spontaneous eye and head movements appeared after unilateral labyrinthectomy, in which the slow movement directed to the injured side and the fast movement to the opposite intact side. Significant relationships were noted between the frequency of eye and head movement(r=0.76). Spontaneous eye movement disappeared within 3~4 days after the lesion and head movement 1~2 days. However, the deviation of the eye and head to the injured side was not recovered until after 90 days of the unilateral labyrinthectomy examined. The time course of recovery to the normal pattern of VOR was different according to the frequency of the body rotation : the VOR elicited by the lower frequency(0.1Hz) was gradually resumed after 3 days while that elicited by the higher frequency (0.2, 0.5Hz) was rapidly after 1 day. These results suggest an existence of neural plasticity in the vestibular compensation, in which the spontaneous movement(dynamic) and the position(tonic) of eye and head have different mechanisms in the neural plasticity of the central nervous system.