The cell culture system is a very effective and useful tool for studying the biological phenomena occurring in the living body. The Schwann cell is principal accessory cell in the peripheral nervous system. It interacts with axons to generate myelinated or unmyelinated fibers. There have been no reports of primary Schwann cell cultures in Korea. We attempted to culture the Schwann cell from the sciatic nerves of adult and neonatal rats and surgically obtained acoustic neuromas. We set up the primary Schwann cell culture system and report the methods with references.