There has been much investigation and controversy as to the effect of hypertrophic and inflammed palatine tonsils and vegetated adenoids on the physical and mental development of the children before their puberty starts, because it has been the impression that the palatine tonsils and adenoid have some influence on their education. We performed routine physical examination on 900 school children (boys 475, girls 425) of the age ranging from 6 to 11, of these hypertrophic palatine tonsils and vegetated adenoids were found in 771 chindren (81.5 per cent), 394 boys (80.3 percent) and 377 girls (88.9 percent). The youngest age group, 6 year-old, had highest incidence of hypertrophic palatine tonsilitis and adenoiditis (98.8 percent). Four hundred and thirty nine (56.9 percent) of those had hypertrophic palatine tonsils only, 280 (36.3 percent) had both hypertrophic palatine tonsils and vegetated adenoids, and the rest of 85 cases (19.5 percent) had vegetated adenoids only. Of the 439 hypertrophic palatine tonsils, 161 cases (36.6 percent) show extremely hypertrophied, and shows 193 cases (43.9 percent) moderately hypertrophied, and the rest of 85 cases (19.5 percent) slight hypertrophy. Of the 771 cases with hypertrophic palatine tonsils and vegetated adenoids, 682 cases (88.5 percent) were well nourished and the rest were poorly nourished physical status. It was observed that 11.5 percent of the above 771 cases had subnormal height, 30.0 percent had subnormal weight and 40.0 percent had subnormal chest girth for their age. Among the above 771 cases, 344 cases (44.6 percent) had hypertrophic rhinitis, and others cases were 161 (20.8 percent) paranasal sinusitis, 16 (2.2 percent) O.M.P.C., 26 (3.3 percent) retracted ear drum, and 12 (1.5 percent) atrophic rhinitis. Of the cases with hypertrophic palatine tonsils and vegetated adenoids, 449 (58.2 percent) were advised to have Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy. The comparison between the children with hypertrophic palatine tonsils and vegetated adenoids, and normal children will follow on the next paper.